The rapid growth of e-commerce in India has been driven by technological advancements, increased internet penetration, and the widespread adoption of mobile devices. This study critically examines the evolving landscape of e-commerce in India, focusing on the impact of mobile commerce (m-commerce) on consumer behavior, business models, and market dynamics.

The proliferation of affordable smartphones, combined with decreasing data costs, has significantly contributed to the expansion of mobile-based transactions. Mobile applications and progressive web platforms have transformed online shopping experiences, enhancing accessibility, convenience, and personalized engagement. This research highlights key drivers of m-commerce growth, including digital payment systems, logistics infrastructure, and regulatory policies that influence the sector’s development. Furthermore, the study explores challenges such as cybersecurity threats, digital illiteracy, and infrastructure gaps that hinder seamless m-commerce adoption, particularly in rural areas. By analysing consumer preferences, transaction patterns, and emerging trends, the research provides insights into how businesses can optimize their strategies to cater to mobile-first consumers. Additionally, the study examines the competitive landscape of India's e-commerce market, evaluating the role of domestic and global players. The influence of government initiatives like Digital India, UPI (Unified Payments Interface), and policies supporting digital entrepreneurship is also assessed. The findings suggest that mobile devices will continue to shape the future of e-commerce in India, necessitating continuous innovation in artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and customer experience design. This study serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, businesses, and researchers aiming to understand and leverage the transformative potential of mobile-driven e-commerce in India.