Pesticides are vital for agricultural disaster control and public health pest management. The widespread application of pesticides leads to extensive harm to soil conditions and water degradation and adverse effects on human well-being. Research investigates how pesticides harm soil structure and fertility and water spaces, as well as damage useful microorganisms, while showing a risk of enduring ecosystem contamination and substance accumulation. The report examines pesticide intake patterns across both India and worldwide while presenting their extensive adoption together with their safety hazards. Developing nations face a crucial public health problem from pesticide poisoning, where farmers together with children stand as the most exposed groups. This review demonstrates the requirement for immediate enforcement of strict rules, together with protective handling procedures and awareness campaigns for public safety. The approach promotes evaluation of pesticide advantages in addition to their environmental and health harms in order to enhance sustainability levels while shielding vulnerable groups from chemical exposure.