Jawaharlal Nehru’s ideological framework, rooted in secularism, scientific temper, socialism, and democratic governance, shaped post-independence India’s identity as a pluralistic and equitable nation. In the contemporary era, marked by the rise of religious nationalism and the shift toward economic liberalization, Nehru’s thought faces significant challenges yet retains profound relevance. This paper examines the applicability of Nehruvian principles in addressing the tensions between religious nationalism and pluralism, as well as the inequities of market-driven economic policies. Through a qualitative analysis of Nehru’s writings, speeches, and policies, alongside contemporary socio-political and economic trends, the study argues that his ideas offer a critical lens for fostering inclusive governance and balanced development. The findings suggest that Nehru’s emphasis on secularism and equity can counter communal polarization and economic disparities, while his advocacy for scientific temper and democratic governance provides tools for rational and participatory policymaking. This paper contributes to the discourse on adapting historical ideologies to navigate modern India’s complex challenges.