This study examines the patterns and consequences of social media usage among 234 elementary students (Classes V–VIII) from four government schools—Govt. Ramhlun South M/S, Govt. B.M M/S, Govt. Ramhlun M/S, and Govt. Endala M/S—belonging to the Ramhlun Cluster, Chhinga Veng BRCC, under SDEO Aizawl East, Aizawl, Mizoram. Data were gathered using structured questionnaires distributed and collected from students, focusing on mobile phone accessibility, time spent on social media, preferred platforms, and associated health outcomes. The findings show that although 200 students reported access to mobile phones, ownership often referred to shared family devices rather than personal possession. Entertainment was identified as the primary reason for use, with YouTube and Instagram being the most favored platforms. However, excessive screen exposure was associated with sleep disturbances, eye strain, reduced physical activity, and emotional effects such as low self-esteem and mood fluctuations. Despite these concerns, some students reported no noticeable psychological impact, suggesting individual differences in resilience and supervision. The study emphasizes the need for parental guidance, structured awareness programs, and digital literacy education in schools to promote balanced and responsible social media use. Policymakers and educators should work collaboratively to ensure technology supports learning without compromising children’s health and well-being.