<p>The 21st century has witnessed a phenomenal growth in translation of Indian literary works into English as there is a growing interest in Indian literature world over. The paper focuses on how modern English translations of Hindi and Sanskrit literature reimagines Indian literature for the global community. It examines the interaction of language fidelity and cultural adaptation, the mediating effect of the translator and the impact of such translations on cross-cultural understanding. This work looks at the modifications in practice and the difficulties in translation practices by analysing some of the works that were translated, including Tomb of Sand, short stories by Premchand and modern ways of approaching the Sanskrit epics. The research is a qualitative and comparative one which synthesizes textual analysis of theoretical paradigms of the translation studies. The results indicate that translation is not only a linguistic act but also an act of creativity and interpretation which produces a new literary heritage in response to modern global conditions. The conclusion of this paper is that translations in the 21st century also play a significant role in preserving, reinterpreting and disseminating the Indian literary traditions, which will result in the emergence of intercultural dialogue and appreciation at the global level.</p>